7 Steps to a Successful MIT Application

7 Steps to a Successful MIT Application SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips In 2018, MIT conceded just 6.7% of understudies who applied to the school. With such a low confirmations rate, it might appear getting acknowledged is near outlandish, yet we’re here to help! In this guide, we’ll disclose all that you have to know to finish the MIT application, including when each significant MIT application cutoff time is, the thing that precisely you have to submit with your application, what confirmations officials are truly searching for when they audit your application, and how you can make each piece of your MIT application stand apart from the pack. Key Info for the MIT Application You should know all the significant data about the MIT application a long time before you plan on applying to ensure you assemble every one of your materials and fulfill constantly constraints. Where to discover the MIT application: You can discover the MIT application here. The application opens in August of every year. The most effective method to present the MIT application: When you’ve finished the MIT application, you can submit it by hitting the â€Å"Submit† button toward the finish of the application. SAT as well as ACT scores, just as your official transcript, must be sent straightforwardly to MIT. When to present the MIT application:It's critical to know the MIT application cutoff time. MIT offers both early activity and normal activity application entries. The following is a graph of the key cutoff times for every choice. It’s imperative to know each cutoff time since missing only one could mean your application won’t be taken a gander at. Early Action Cutoff time What's Due November 1 Application parts 1 and 2Two letters of suggestion Secondary school report November testing date State administered Test Scores February 15 February Updates Notes Form February 15 Money related Aid Materials (discretionary) Ordinary Action Cutoff time What's Due January 1 Application parts 1 and 2Two letters of recommendationSecondary school report December testing date State sanctioned Test Scores February 15 February Updates Notes Form February 15 Money related Aid Materials (discretionary) In the event that you’re applying early activity, you’ll need to have the two pieces of the application finished, and your transcript and letters of proposal sent, by November first. You can in any case take the SAT, ACT, as well as SAT Subject tests in November, in any case. You’ll get your affirmation choice in mid-December. For understudies applying customary activity, you’ll need to have all pieces of the application finished/sent by January first, and you can step through your normalized exams no later than December. You’ll get your confirmation choice in mid-March. Would it be a good idea for you to Apply Early Action or Regular Action? There are two choices for applying to MIT, early activity and customary activity. Is one better than the other?If you apply early activity, you improve possibility of getting acknowledged. As indicated by MIT’s affirmation insights, on the off chance that you apply early activity, you improve possibility of getting acknowledged than if you apply normal activity. Be that as it may, MIT explicitly expresses this about its initial activity cycle: There is no positive or negative bias related with or gave by applying during either cycle. We don't have an inclination, and there is no key advantage to be had. We have two cycles for two reasons: 1) it causes us spread our work out over a more drawn out period, giving more opportunity to every application and 2) it furnishes candidates with more choices so they can pick which works best for them. Also, the larger part (about 66%) of understudies who apply early activity wind up getting conceded and considered in the normal activity candidate pool. So an early choice is in no way, shape or form ensured on the off chance that you apply early activity. Main concern? Apply early activity in the event that you can get all the materials in before the cutoff time, yet don’t stress excessively a lot on the off chance that you can’t since it likely won’t sway your opportunity of getting conceded. Step by step instructions to Apply to MIT There are six fundamental advances you have to follow to present your MIT application. The following are the means, numbered in the harsh request you should finish them in. Stage 1: Create a MyMIT Account and Start Your Application The initial step to applying to MIT is straightforward; you simply need to make a MyMIT account.Creating a record just takes a couple of moments, and once you do this you’ll have the option to finish an application, track the bits of the application you’ve submitted, join the MIT mailing list, and get your interviewer’s name and contact data. To make a record you’ll need to round out some fundamental segment data, for example, your birthdate, secondary school name, and personal residence. Stage 2: Complete Parts 1 and 2 of the Application This is the majority of the MIT application. Section 1 spotlights on personal data, and Part 2 spotlights on your articles, exercises, and test scores.Part 1 is the shorter segment and should just take you around 30 minutes to finish. You’ll round out data about whether you're applying early activity or ordinary activity, what your parents’ occupations and most significant level of training are, on the off chance that you have kin and where they go to school (if pertinent), and all the secondary schools you joined in, among other information.After you submit Part 1, you’ll pay the $75 MIT application expense. Section 2 is more top to bottom. You’ll enter data pretty much all the extracurriculars and employments you’ve took an interest in, cutting edge classes you’ve taken, grants you’ve won, and your test scores (despite the fact that you’ll still need to send official duplicates of these scores). You’ll likewise self-report all the classes you’ve taken and the evaluations you got in them albeit, once more, you’ll still need to present your authority transcript.This is additionally the area where you enter the data about the two instructors who are composing assessments for you (see Step 5 for more information) and present any supplemental materials (see Step 6 for more information). At long last, you’ll complete the MIT’s individual articulations. In contrast to numerous different schools, MIT doesn’t require one long paper; rather, you’ll answer five short prompts. Here are the paper prompts, alongside the word tally necessity: We realize you have a bustling existence, loaded with exercises, a considerable lot of which are expected of you. Educate us regarding something you accomplish for its joy. (100 words or less) Despite the fact that you may not yet know what you need to study, which division or program at MIT bids to you and why? (100 words or less) At MIT, we unite individuals to better the lives of others. MIT understudies work to improve their networks in various manners, from handling the world's greatest difficulties to being an old buddy. Depict one manner by which you have added to your locale, regardless of whether in your family, the study hall, your neighborhood, and so forth (200-250 words) Portray the world you originate from; for instance, your family, clubs, school, network, city, or town. How has that world formed your fantasies and yearnings? (200-250 words) Educate us regarding the most huge test you've confronted or something significant that didn't work out as expected. How could you deal with the circumstance? (200-250 words) After you’ve completed every one of these segments and inspected them, you can submit them. Section 1 must be submitted before Part 2. Stage 3: Submit Your Secondary School Report and Standardized Test Scores You’ll need to send your official secondary school transcript to MIT.MIT likewise requires three grades. You should take either the SAT or ACT (the composing area/exposition isn’t required for either test) just as two SAT Subject Tests. One subject test must be a math test (either Math Level 1 or Math Level 2), and the subsequent subject test must be a science test (either Biology, Chemistry, or Physics). Stage 4: Ask Two Teachers to Fill Out Your Evaluations You’ll need two letters of proposal for MIT, one from a math/science educator and one from a humanities/language teacher.On your MyMIT Dashboard, you’ll round out each of your recommender’s names and email addresses so the structure can be sent to them.Your suggestions are expected a similar day as the remainder of your application. Stage 5: Set Up and Complete an Interview Meetings are not actually required, yet MIT enthusiastically suggests them and concedes not very many candidates who didn’t meet, so you’ll need to do one if it’s at all possible.Once you complete Parts 1 and 2 of the application, you’ll be reached by an Educational Counselor (EC), who will be the individual doing your meeting. The EC is an alum of MIT who behaviors meetings, and there are more than 5,000 of them around the globe. You and your EC will set up a meeting at a spot close to you. Most early move interviews make place in November, and most standard move interviews make place in January. The meeting ordinarily keeps going an hour and regularly happen in an area, for example, a café, eatery, or library. Some may likewise happen over Skype. MIT suggests considering questions you may be asked before the meeting, and here are 14 of the most well-known school inquiries questions. Stage 6: (Optional) Submit Supplementary Materials You additionally have the alternative to submit valuable materials, this is a totally discretionary advance and is regularly done by understudies with an expressive arts portfolio, those with research understanding, as well as the individuals who would like to play a varsity sport for MIT. There are six distinctive supplemental materials you can send, and generally (all aside from the varsity sports intrigue structure) accompany an extra charge of $5-$10. You can discover more data about every one of these choices on your

Shopping And Perform The Banking Services â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Talk About The Shopping And Perform The Banking Services? Answer: Presentation The fame of internet based life has developed fundamentally in past decade. Individuals are utilizing it for sharing their substance, correspondence, shopping and perform banking administrations. Because of its enormous ubiquity, organizations began utilizing online networking for different exercises, for example, advertising, enlistment and information assortment. Web-based social networking locales give different advantages to organizations, for example, bigger crowd, more affordable, simple openness and overall reach. Utilization of web has changed the procedure of supervisors and human asset specialists to select workers. The prevalence of LinkedIn, Facebook and Twitter helps HR specialists to examine the ability in the market and legitimately connect with them. The online procedure is utilized by different HR organizations however there are different downsides of utilizing this arrangement also. The danger of web security and concern with respect to the nature of information is a critical weakness of utilizing online networking for the enrollment procedure. Organizations are required to plan appropriate methodologies before actualizing an online enrollment approach. The essential target of this report is to investigate different advantages and disadvantages of utilizing online networking locales for organizations enrollment process. The optional goal is to assess various specialists sentiments with respect to the online enlistment process. The report will break down this issue from the viewpoint of different companies and examine assessments of a market master. The report will give a proposal to organizations to upgrade the effectivity of their online enrollment process. Writing Review Points of interest and Disadvantages of Using Social Media for Recruitment Web based life locales help individuals and companies to impart through online stages and perform different administrations which depend on the web. For instance, email or text administration help individuals to associate and convey, in any event, when they are living in various nations. As indicated by the exploration of Kroeze (2015), internet based life destinations help human asset the board to find potential workers for the enrollment procedure. This procedure is moderately present day since a large portion of the social destinations utilized for enlistment are set up after 2003, for example, LinkedIn, Twitter and Facebook (Figure 1). Online life locales can in a split second associate with individuals in any event, when theyre arranged in various nations. This capacity utilized my human asset supervisor to target potential ability for specific occupations. The utilization of internet based life destinations for enlistment process has developed quickly in past decade. Focal points As indicated by Watson (2016), the essential preferred position of utilizing web based life locales for representatives enrollment is the expansive reach given by online destinations to human asset chiefs. A large portion of the enormous companies enlist ability from different nations. Online networking destinations help them to find and utilize skilled workers around the world. Associations apply different techniques to pull in and find potential ability around the world. For instance, Google permits individuals to send their resume on their online stage, in the configuration of video, to utilize ability from around the world. Numerous associations use Facebook and Twitter to publicize their employment opportunities, so enormous number of individuals go after the position. According to the exploration of Frandsen, Walters, and Ferguson (2013), disconnected sources do give organizations chance to associate with applicants at an individual level, however they are constrained to a specific city or nation. The vast majority don't like or don't have assets to head out to another nation for a meeting. Web based life associate competitor and boss at one spot with no movement costs. This permits an enormous number of contender to go after a position which gives enterprise more alternatives to choose the correct up-and-comer. Online stages, for example, LinkedIn and in fact, are explicitly intended to associate organizations with potential gifts. These sites permit individuals from everywhere throughout the world to frame a profile, which functions as their resume, and organizations can associate with a specific representative with having contain information or expertise. This component is fundamentally significant while enlisting for designers, developers or r esearchers since there is appeal for capable representatives who have these aptitudes (Figure 2). Another huge advantage of utilizing online networking for enrollment process is lower enlistment costs. According to Yuan, Bare, Johnson, and Saberi (2014), enlistment is a costly procedure since companies are required to publicize their employment opportunities and set up a spot for interviews. Ordinarily, associations want to lease an inn amphitheater or somewhere else to set up their enlistment technique. By and large, to representative ability from different urban communities, associations are requiring setting up somewhere else for potential contender to visit. The HR supervisory group of the organization visit those spots to interviews and select potential abilities. By and large the procedure is fundamentally costly and tedious. Yet, if there should arise an occurrence of internet based life enlistment, none of this procedure is required to perform by the partnership. For the most part, web based life destinations are allowed to utilize and anybody can make their record over various locales. As indicated by Sivertzen, Nilsen, and Olafsen (2013), numerous sites give paid offices too to publicize certain items or offer to various people groups. An organization can set up their internet based life account and essentially post their activity enrollment over the site. The potential and intrigued individuals can apply through online entrances too. The HR the board can confirm various applications by sitting in their office. This gives organizations a cost advantage over organizations which don't utilize web based life locales for the enrollment procedure. With the modernisation of online frameworks, web-based social networking locales give different highlights to organizations which permit them to target determine people groups. Online destinations permit associations to focus on their promotion to explicit gatherings, for instance, designers or software engineers. This advantages organization by expelling the messiness and increment their emphasis on skilled applicants. According to Henderson and Bowley (2010), in 2017, more than 2.46 billion individuals utilize web based life destinations which cause an issue for companies to focus on their notice to specific gatherings. Be that as it may, most social locales investigate their clients information to help organizations in focusing on a particular gathering of people groups. For instance, in the event that an organization has an employment opportunity for software engineer or specialist, at that point they can publicize their opening to simply design or developers. Sites, for example, LinkedIn permit organizations to focus to explicit competitors, for example, an individual with high evaluations or a specific encounter. As per Sadler, Lee, Lim, and Fullerton (2010), companies can redo the contender to which their commercial will show by social locales. This causes them use their assets for explicit applicants and abstain from sitting around idly on breaking down different up-and-comers applications. Individuals can utilize hashtags on Twitter to interface with the specific kind of competitors. Sites, for example, to be sure and LinkedIn request certain data from their clients, for example, their instruction status and experience level, while they top off their profiles. This data is used by web based life destinations to isolate clients into specific gatherings and permit associations to publicize to a particular kind of segment. Present day companies utilize internet based life sites to feature their working environment condition and culture to draw in an enormous number of skilled up-and-comers. According to the exploration of Srinivas (2015), most enterprises don't utilize online life locales to post photos of their workplaces or offer news with respect to the most recent occasions. Most companies utilize their presents deliberately on connect with their clients into their condition. For instance, Starbucks plan their presents on pull in countless clients with their items while simultaneously displaying their positive social condition in the stores. Normally, the adherents of enterprises over online life destinations are now devotees of companys work or item, along these lines, an occupation ad posted by organization draw in eager competitors. Utilizing web based life additionally give a favorable position to work looking for up-and-comers since it is a cheap apparatus to go after a position. Most internet based life locales are allowed to utilize and up-and-comers fill their own data as per their inclinations. They can look for an occupation in their favored industry as per their training or abilities. The data additionally transmits essentially quicker than contrasted with different channels. In the event that an organization like an applicants profile they can without much of a stretch take their telephonic meeting and select them for a specific post (Gonzalez-Bailon et al. 2011). Hindrances With every one of these advantages, there are a few hindrances of utilizing web based life for enlistment motivation behind the organization. As indicated by the exploration of Broughton, Foley, Ledermaier, and Cox (2013), the essential downside of online enrollment is connected with its greatest advantage that is a more extensive reach. Internet based life destinations are open stages meaning the posts of an organization can be seen by an enormous number of people groups. In the event of publicizing it is useful yet if there should be an occurrence of enlistment, it causes a surge of the application submitted on companys entrance. Contingent upon the ubiquity of an organization, they can get several thousand applications for not many posts. This makes a critical issue for human asset supervisory groups since they need to assess such applications and locate the most reasonable contender for the activity. Enormous enterprises, for example, Apple and Microsoft can't utilize web based l ife post for enlistment since they are well known around the world; rather, they utilize private entries on their sites for potential contender to submit applications. Another drawback of web based life enrollment is that the data wr

Whats FOB Shipping Point

Whats FOB Shipping Point Globalization has turned the world into a village. This is particularly true when it comes to commerce. How many products of the products you use in your daily life have been made outside your country? A lot, I believe.Globalization has made it cheaper to acquire goods and products from all over the world. It has made it easier for even people who are not in business to buy things from other countries.That amazing antique couch you saw in Turkey during your visit â€" you can easily buy it and have it shipped to your home country.With the internet and ecommerce companies like Amazon, Alibaba, and so on, international commerce has become even more mainstream.Today, almost everyone can buy or sell products from and to any part of the world.If you intend to get involved in international business, you need to be aware of the nitty-gritties of importing and exporting, and a good of awareness of some of the jargon and terms you are going to come across in this business.One of the terms you need to be aware of is FOB shipping point.In this article, we are going to take a look at this term, what it means for you, where it applies, and so on. Let’s dive in.DEFINITION OF FOB SHIPPING POINT FOB is an abbreviation used in shipping. It stands for “Free On Board”. The term FOB is only used in reference to shipments which are made via waterway. Goods transported by rail, air, or road do not apply.It is good to note that there are two types of FOB” FOB shipping point and FOB destination. Both are among International Commercial Terms (Incoterms) defined by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC). The concern of this article is the first term: FOB shipping point.When a shipment is designated FOB shipping point, it means that ownership of the goods transfers to the buyer immediately after the goods are loaded onto the vessel at the shipping point.Since the goods now legally belong to the buyer, he or she is responsible for their transportation â€" put simply, the buyer has to pay for the delivery charges, not the seller.Furthermore, all the risks involved in transportation of the goods are transferred to the buyer once the goods are loaded onto the vessel.Should any of the goods get damaged or lost during shipment, it is the buyer, not the seller who should file any claims for reimbursement.It is at this point (shipment leaving the shipping point) that the buyer should record an increase in inventory.FOB shipping point, also referred to as FOB port, indicates that the seller is only responsible for the shipment’s transportation to the port â€" and that includes loading costs.The buyer is responsible for insurance, unloading, marine freight transport cost, and transportation of the goods from the arrival port to their final destination.The risks transfer to the buyer as the goods are loaded on board the ship at the port of shipment (shipping point).For instance, if goods are designated as “FOB Miami” it means the seller is responsible for th e cost of transporting the goods to the port of Miami.Any costs incurred for loading the goods on to the cargo ship are also the seller’s responsibility.These loading costs include customs clearance, inland haulage, demurrage if any, origin documentation charges, and origin port handling charges â€" in this case, the origin port is Miami.Once the shipment is loaded onto a ship at the port of Miami, the buyer becomes responsible for all costs and risks involved in transportation.Furthermore, the goods now belong to the buyer and the buyer’s accounting books can at this point record an increase in inventory.WHAT IS FOB DESTINATION?To better understand FOB shipping point, it is necessary to understand the opposite term: FOB destination. Source: Principles of Accounting, Volume IAs you can probably tell from what I have so far told you about FOB shipping point, it does not favor the buyer.Getting ownership of the shipment as soon as it is loaded on the ship at brings with it costs and risks the buyer would not incur if ownership transferred only after reaching them.FOB destination, on the other hand is exactly what a buyer would want. Instead of receiving ownership when the goods are loaded onto the ship at the shipping point, the buyer receives shop when the goods reach him. In other words, ownership does not transfer to the buyer until the shipment arrives at the buyer’s destination.For instance, if the buyer’s location is New Orleans, the terms will read “FOB New Orleans”.In FOB destination, the seller is responsible for all fees and costs until the goods arrive at their destination. On arriving at the port (or the buyer’s location), all the fees (and this includes customs and taxes) at this point are no w the buyer’s responsibility.Only after the purchased goods have reached the buyer’s location in perfect condition does the buyer accept them. Only then does the buyer record the items as inventory in his or her system. At this point, the sale is officially complete.INTERNATIONAL USAGE VS NORTH AMERICA USAGEThere is potential for confusion between North America’s domestic usage of “FOB” and the international usage.To remove this confusion, it is now recommended that the Incoterms’ use be stated explicitly together with the edition of the standard. For example, “FOB New York (Incoterms 2000)” means that in this case, they are referring to the incoterms 2010 edition meaning of the term.FOB is also used in the United States’ modern domestic shipping. It refers to the point at which the shipping cost is no longer the seller’s responsibility.In North America, the sales agreement includes the term FOB â€" it determines the point at which liability and responsibility fo r the cargo ceases to be the seller’s and transfers to the buyer.In North America, they have two types of FOB: “FOB origin” and “FOB destination.” In “FOB origin”, the transfer of liability responsibility happens when the cargo is safely on board the transport.In “FOB destination”, transfer happens when the cargo is retrieved from the transport on arriving at the buyer’s location.“FOB origin,” which is a synonym for “FOB shipping point” indicates that the sale completes at the seller’s shipping dock. As a result, the buyer must cater for any liability incurred during transport and for freight costs.However, usage of the FOB terms is not mandatory, and they are often not used.In such a case, the agreement’s specific times may vary widely â€" for instance, which of the two parties is responsible for shipment costs and loading costs, or where is responsibility for the goods transferred?That last one (where responsibility is transferred) is key in determi ning liability for cargo that gets lost or damaged in transit.Note that while international shipments use “FOB” in the definition provided by the Incoterms standards (always standing for “Free On Board”), this is not always the case for North America shipments. Domestic shipments in Canada and the US will often operate with a different meaning that is specific to North America and not consistent with the Incoterms standards.SUMMARY OF BUYER’S VS SELLER’S RESPONSIBILITIES IN FOB SHIPPINGAs we mentioned, the buyer’s responsibilities over the shipment begin as soon as it is loaded onto the vessel.The seller’s responsibilities, therefore lead up to that point.However, you should note that they extend beyond just bringing the items to the port of loading.On FOB shipping point, the seller/supplier is responsible for all the costs involved in getting the cargo onto the transport vessel.Your quote (as the buyer) will then cover everything after the goods are loaded onto the vessel, all the way to delivery at the address you specified.Here is a summary of first buyer’s and then seller’s responsibilities in FOB shipping:BuyerPay the full price agreed upon between the two parties in the agreement of sale.The buyer takes upon personal risk and is responsible for any import license or legal permits, customs procedures for importing the goods, and for the cost of the goods’ transit across international boundaries.The buyer has to accept delivery of the products once they are dispatched.The buyer takes up all risks of damage or loss of goods once they are loaded onto the vessel at the port of origin.The buyer is charge of all costs after the goods are loaded onto the vessel at the port of shipment.The buyer provides the seller with adequate notice of the vessel’s name, the loading point, and the required delivery time.The buyer must take/accept evidence of delivery.The buyer is responsible for any pre-shipment inspection, except when it is ordered by the country of export’s administration.SellerThe seller must supply the goods and the commercial bill for the goods.The seller is responsible for any export license or legal permits, customs procedures for exporting the goods.The seller must deliver the goods to the port of origin within the agreed upon duration.The seller is responsible for all risk in case of damage or loss until loading of the goods onto the vessel at the port of shipment.The seller is responsible for all expenses until the goods are loaded onto the vessel at the port of shipment.The seller must provide the buyer with adequate notice that the goods have been dispatched, so the buyer can make preparations to receive them.The seller should provide the normal evidence of delivery.The seller should help the buyer/importer with acquiring any documentation necessary in the country of origin.OTHER TERMS YOU WILL ENCOUNTER WHEN DEALING WITH FOB SHIPPING POINTWhen dealing with FOB shipping point, there are some other te rms you are likely to come across, which in some cases you might have to define when you are developing your own shipment process. These terms include:1. Liability IssuesIf you are the buyer, FOB shipping point means you are responsible for the goods during shipping.If any damage or loss occurs, the legal liability is yours. You are therefore the one who will be required to file a claim so as to be reimbursed.On the other hand, in the case of FOB destination, it is the seller who will have the liability in case of damage or loss of goods before they reach the port of destination or buyer’s location. In such a case, the seller will have to provide the buyer with a new shipment.If you are a seller using FOB destination and you are shipping using a third-party carrier such as US Postal Service or UPS, consider getting insurance on any expensive goods that you ship.This ensures that you can file a claim in the event of loss or damage of the cargo.2. Bill of LadingAs a seller, when you send the shipment via a third-party carrier like UPS, you should use a bill of lading.The bill of lading is a legally binding document that the seller signs when delivering the goods to the carrier.The carrier also signs the bill of lading when delivering the goods to the buyer. It is basically a shipment receipt for the buyer.The bill of lading provides protection to the seller in case there is a dispute.3. Recognizing RevenueIn addition to their value in clarifying legal liability, shipping terms also determine the point at which one is able to record revenue for the transaction on the inventory asset account on their balance sheet.According to the generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), a business cannot record revenue until the transfer of risks and rewards of the goods from the seller to the buyer.In the case of FOB shipping point, the sale becomes complete when the shipment is sent off. As for FOB destination, the sale becomes complete when the goods are delivered an d come into the buyer’s possession.The timing difference from shipping terms is typically just a few days and unlikely to affect periodic financial statements. However, a CPA preparing GAAP financial statements will put in more scrutiny.Accountants often review shipping records and documentation during a “cutoff period”. This is usually around the end of the fiscal year â€" right before and right after.If in your sales there is FOB destination inventory which was shipped just before the cutoff (a day or two), or any inventory that is yet to be shipped, the business will not record the sale until the next fiscal year begins.THE EFFECT OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE ON FOB SHIPPINGWhile domestic trade is straightforward, shipping to other countries is not as clear-cut, since the international trade laws you have to deal with will depend on which country you are shipping to or from. The international trade laws will also depend on the product.Therefore, international trade will almost de finitely have an impact on the FOB process.It will impact shipping in general, since there are several factors you must consider when shipping internationally. These factors include:1. Customs ClearanceEvery parcel shipped from one country to another has to clear customs. It doesn’t matter what you are shipping â€" shoes, candy, couches, refrigerators, you name it.If customs  seize an item (for whatever reason), this could lead to hefty penalties and fines, and that will definitely raise the overall cost of your FOB shipment.This is one of the reasons why ordering goods from abroad is more expensive than ordering within your own country.Therefore, if you are developing an international shipping plan for your business, keep these extra costs and risks in mind as necessary for your calculations.2. International Shipping CostsFreight costs are likely to increase drastically when you are shipping goods overseas.The increase in shipping costs is caused by the fact that the goods are be ing shipped a longer distance.Furthermore, there are extra costs, such as paying for customs clearance and other inspections or certifications.When all these costs are added up, the shipping cost becomes far more expensive than what it would cost you to ship the same goods domestically.As a seller, one way to deal with this is estimating the cost and choosing the freight prepaid route, in which case the cost gets included in the purchase.As a result, the buyer won’t have to directly pay for shipping. Another option is for the buyer to pay the shipping cost.3. Transport CostsIn addition to the cost of overseas shipping, you must also keep the transport costs in mind.Note that the transport costs do not just cover the distance between the shipping point and a port in the country you are shipping them to (unless that was the agreement between the buyer and seller).In some cases, the goods also have to be transported to the buyer’s location (delivery).This will therefore involve add itional transportation costs. At this point, decisions must be made concerning what means of transportation to use (third-party truck, train, and so on) and which service-provider to hire for the purpose.Such factors may cause a drastic rise in transportation costs when shipping internationally.Furthermore, these factors lead to increase the risk of damage or loss of the goods, something else you must factor in your overall cost estimation when planning for international shipping.4. DocumentationWhen you are shipping internationally, there may be documents which you first need to clear at customs.You must therefore ensure that you are aware if any documentation required (as a seller) for the type of goods you are sending as well as for the country you are sending the goods to. The required documents will vary for different countries.FOB SHIPPING POINT IN THE ECOMMERCE INDUSTRYNowadays, if you want to buy something, the easiest way to find it is online. Ecommerce is big business, a w ave that has revolutionized most industries.Ecommerce companies like Amazon and eBay are like shops on the internet which you can access from the comfort of your home whenever you want to buy something.They save you the time or money you would have spent doing the legwork of physically looking for shops that stock the product you need or sellers that that have it in their warehouses.Since ecommerce shops operate primarily over the internet, they are accessible to people from all over the world.If someone outside the US makes an order from Amazon, for instance, the goods have to be shipped outside the country, and therefore various international commerce terms, including FOB shipping point, have to apply.For instance, if a person in the US is ordering a refrigerator (domestic shipment), he or she will probably agree to a sale under the FOB shipping point. When ordering items internationally, however, the options are different.A refrigerator is a pricey purchase, so the buyer must be prepared to fork out a substantial amount of the money up front. This is because online transactions are tricky.They rely on trust, and are a big risk â€" the customer cannot assure the business that they will for sure pay for the refrigerator on delivery.In ecommerce, FOB shipping point enables the business to collect payment from the sale immediately after the assembly and loading of the item onto the transport.This gives the business protection, in the event of a failed payment after the business has already paid for the transportation.Furthermore, FOB shipping point indicates that the buyer bears responsibility for freight costs.Therefore, the business can save money, in case the goods get damaged or lost in transit. When such cases occur, it is the customer’s responsibility to file a claim.As I have said that FOB shipping point means that the buyer must make a financial commitment in advance.On the other hand, it makes it possible for the goods to be sent to the buyer’s hom e, and the buyer does not even need to be present when they are delivered.When you order something online, you have to first provide your billing information.Only after the seller begins the actual shipping process do they bill you.You as the customer don’t even have to be there to accept the package when it arrives.This, however, depends on the type of home you live in and on the type of product you are purchasing.WRAPPING UPThere is a lot of due diligence to be done if you’re involved in the import and export business. Learning about what is entailed in FOB shipping point is a good first step, but you have to keep learning and dig deeper.As I have mentioned, the laws and documents and processes that impact on importation and exportation vary for different countries.That means every time you are exporting or importing from a new country, you will have to do some fresh research to find out what you need to do, so as to have a smooth process.To recap, FOB shipping point means tha t ownership of the goods and the liability in case of damage or loss transfers to the buyer as soon as the seller loads the goods on the ship at the port of origin.

Impacts of the California Drought

In 2015, California was once more taking stock of its water supply, coming out of the winter season in its fourth year of drought. According to the National Drought Mitigation Center, the proportion of the state’s area in severe drought had not significantly changed since a year before, at 98%. However, the proportion classified as under exceptional drought conditions leaped from 22% to 40%. Much of the worst hit area is in the Central Valley, where the dominant land use is irrigation-dependent agriculture. Also included in the exceptional drought category are the Sierra Nevada Mountains and a large swath of the central and southern coasts. There was much hope that the winter 2014-2015 would bring El Nià ±o conditions, resulting in above normal rainfall across the state, and deep snow at high elevations. The encouraging predictions from earlier in the year did not materialize. In fact, in late March 2015, the southern and central Sierra Nevada snowpack was only at 10% of its long-term average water content and only at 7% in the northern Sierra Nevada. To top it off, spring temperatures were quite above average, with record high temperatures observed all over the West. So yes, California is really in a drought. How Is the Drought Affecting the Environment? Energy: About 15 percent of California’s electricity is provided by hydroelectric turbines operating on large water reservoirs. Those reservoirs are abnormally low, reducing hydropower’s contribution to the state’s energy portfolio. To compensate, the state needs to rely more on non-renewable sources like natural gas. Fortunately, in 2015 utility-scale solar power reached new heights, now at 5% of California’s energy portfolio.Wildfires: California’s grasslands, chaparral, and savannas are fire-adapted ecosystems, but this prolonged drought is keeping the vegetation tinder dry and vulnerable to intense wildfires. These wildfires create air pollution, displace and kill wildlife, and damage property.Wildlife: While much of the wildlife in California can weather temporary dry conditions, a prolonged drought can lead to increased mortality and reduced reproduction. Drought is an additional stressor affecting endangered species already burdened by habita t loss, invasive species, and other conservation problems. Many species of migratory fish are endangered in California, notably salmon. Low river flows due to the drought reduce access to spawning grounds. People will also feel the effects of the drought. Farmers in California are heavily dependent on irrigation to grow crops like alfalfa, rice, cotton, and many fruits and vegetables. California’s multi-billion dollar almond and walnut industry is particularly water intensive, with estimates that it takes 1 gallon of water to grow a single almond, over 4 gallons for a single walnut. Beef cattle and dairy cows are raised on forage crops like hay, alfalfa, and grains, and on vast pastures that require rainfall to be productive. Competition for water needed for agriculture, domestic use, and aquatic ecosystems, are leading to conflicts over water use. Compromises need to be made, and again this year large swaths of farmland will remain fallow, and the fields that are farmed will be producing less. This will lead to price increases for a wide variety of foods. Is There Some Relief in Sight? On March 5, 2015, meteorologists at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration finally announced the return of El Nià ±o conditions. This large scale climate phenomenon usually is associated with wetter conditions for the western U.S., but due to its late spring timing, it did not provide enough moisture to relieve California from drought conditions. Global climate change throws a good measure of uncertainty in forecasts based on historical observations, but perhaps some comfort can be taken by looking at historical climate data: multi-year droughts have happened in the past, and all have eventually subsided. El Nià ±o conditions have subsided  during the 2016-17 winter, but a number of powerful storms are bringing a copious amount of moisture in the form of rain and snow. It wont be until later that we will really know if its enough to bring the state out of the drought. Sources: California Department of Water Resources. Statewide Summary of Snow Water Content. NIDIS. US Drought Portal.

Analyzing Experimentation on Animals - 1440 Words

On the debates we faced with a difficult question, on which no one could answer concretely. It’s a question about experiments on animals. In my personal opinion animals have rights, but not the same as human beings. If do not make experiments on animal, so on who? In this essay I want to focus on the animal experiments and make a detail view on it. The use of animals for scientific purposes, in order to better understand a particular disease, develop new medicines or to check the safety of a drug, causes a lot of conflicting reactions. Some believe that no moral problem is here; other, rushing to the opposite extreme, willing to justify violence in order to protect animals. Experiments on animals - are a huge industry. Every year, British scientists use nearly 3 million animals for research purposes. Most used for development and testing of drugs for human diseases, although each year about 17,000 animals are used for testing the safety of food additives and household chemicals. 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Neonatal Screening Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(163) " established in a population baseline survey that measured meconium FAEEs in newborns born to ascetics, societal drinkers, and confirmed heavy drinkers \( 16 \) \." Methods: We assessed whether adult females would be willing to partake in a pilot testing plan for antenatal intoxicant exposure in a bad obstetric unit antecedently shown to hold a high prevalence of FAEE-positive meconium when tested anonymously. The testing plan involved voluntary testing of meconium for FAEEs and long-run developmental followup of positive instances through an bing public wellness plan. Consequences: The engagement rate in the showing plan was significantly lower than when proving was offered anonymously ( 78 % vs. We will write a custom essay sample on Neonatal Screening Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now 95 % , severally ; p lt ; 0.05 ) , and the positiveness rate was 3 % A in contrast to 30 % observed under anon. conditions ( P lt ; 0.01 ) . Interpretation: These low rates suggest that the bulk of imbibing female parents refused to take part. We conclude that despite the possible benefits of such screening plans, maternal involuntariness to consent, probably due to fear, embarrassment, and guilt, may restrict the effectivity of meconium proving for population-based unfastened showing. Introduction: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder ( FASD ) encompasses the wide scope of physical, cognitive, and behavioural disablements that can originate due to antenatal intoxicant exposure ( 1 ) . Affecting an estimated 9.1/1000 unrecorded births, it is a taking preventable cause of mental deceleration in the western universe ( 2 ) , with estimated one-year costs in Canada transcending $ 5 billion in productiveness losingss, medical costs, particular instruction, societal services, and projecting behaviors ( 3 ) . Although the primary alcohol-induced harm is lasting, early diagnosing is good and associated with a reduced hazard of secondary disablements such as disrupted school experience, unemployment, institutionalization, and problem with the jurisprudence ; probably because it permits early intercession and specialised support ( 4 ) . Unfortunately, acknowledging FASD is highly ambitious and diagnosing is frequently contingent upon set uping a history of important in-utero intoxicant exposure ( 1 ) . Since maternal studies are undependable in providing this information due to remember prejudice and common underreporting ( 5 ; 6 ) , nonsubjective biomarkers have been investigated. Fatty acerb ethyl esters ( FAEEs ) are non-oxidative metabolites of ethyl alcohol formed by esterification of ethyl alcohol to endogenous fatty acids or fatty acyl-CoA ( 7 ; 8 ) that sedimentation and accumulate in foetal meconium ( 9 ; 10 ) . Numerous surveies have validated meconium FAEEs as biomarkers of heavy antenatal intoxicant exposure happening in the last two trimesters of gestation ( 11-19 ) ; understanding between meconium FAEEs and assorted alcohol-related results has been demonstrated ( 18 ; 20-23 ) ; and this trial has been used anonymously to obtain epidemiological informations on antenatal intoxicant exposure in selected populations ( 23-25 ) . It has been recognized that meconium analysis may function as a neonatal showing tool for the designation of alcohol-exposed neonates, and could potentially be implemented as a cosmopolitan screen or targeted to bad populations ( 26 ) . Such testing would non merely supply accurate exposure history required for diagnosing, but if implemented along with a comprehensive follow-up plan and intercessions, could ease early acknowledgment and intervention of FASD ( 26-28 ) . As an added value, it may place and let for intercession in problem-drinking female parents, which, in bend, may forestall future alcohol-exposed gestations ( 7 ) . However, since informed consent from a competent patient or appointed guardian prior to intervention or testing is an ethical and legal constituent of medical pattern ( 29 ; 30 ) , a testing plan of this nature would necessitate consent of the kid ‘s legal defender ( typically the parent ) . This may decrease the value of meconium showing in a clinica l scene since embarrassment, guilt, and frights of stigma and child apprehensiveness may discourage adult females who consumed intoxicant from accepting to proving despite the possible value to child wellness. To find if adult females would volitionally take part in a neonatal showing plan for antenatal intoxicant exposure, we offered meconium proving with subsequent followup, intercessions and societal supports, to adult females from a regional Ontario population presenting in a bad obstetric unit antecedently shown to hold a high prevalence of alcohol-exposed newborns as determined by anon. meconium proving. We assessed the rates of voluntary engagement and positiveness for intoxicant exposure, and compared these with the rates observed with anon. proving. Methods: Capable enlisting: Written informed consent for meconium FAEE analysis and followup of those proving positive was sought from all Grey-Bruce adult females presenting at St. Joseph ‘s Health Care in London Ontario from November 1st, 2008 to May 31st, 2010. Briefly, Grey-Bruce occupants identified by nurses were informed of the survey, offered showing, and given an Informed Consent papers to reexamine and subscribe if they chose to take part. Womans were besides informed of the survey through booklets and postings in the pregnancy ward. It was stressed that a positive trial or self-report of imbibing in gestation would non ask engagement of kid protection bureaus, but would be used to originate follow-up by the Public Health nurse and her section and to mobilise support services if needed. Meconium aggregation, handling, and analysis: Meconium specimens from newborns born to accepting adult females were collected into 50-mL screw cap conelike polypropene tubings ( Sarstedt AG A ; Co. , Numbrecht, Germany ) by nursing staff and labeled with the capable figure to guarantee confidentiality. Samples were stored onsite at -20A °C and shipped on dry ice to the Motherisk Laboratory at Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Ontario on a fortnightly footing where they were stored at -80A °C until analysis. Meconium FAEEs were measured utilizing headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. The method involves the sensing and quantification of four FAEEs ( ethyl palmitate, linoleate, oleate, and stearate ) utilizing matching d5-ethyl esters as internal criterions. It has been developed and validated in our research lab, and published in item elsewhere ( 31 ; 32 ) . Heptane, ethyl esters ( palmitate, linoleate, oleate, stearate ) , fatty acids ( palmitic, linoleic, oleic, stearic ) , anhydrous ethanol-d6, and thionyl chloride were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Co. ( St. Louis, MO ) . Acetone was obtained from EMD Chemicals Inc. ( Gibbstown, NJ ) . Chromatograms were analyzed utilizing LabSolutions GCMSsolution package version 2.50SU1 ( Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan ) . A cumulative amount of a†°?2.00 nmol FAEE/gram meconium was considered positive, bespeaking heavy imbibing with 100 % sensitiveness and 98.4 % specificity as was established in a population ba seline survey that measured meconium FAEEs in newborns born to ascetics, societal drinkers, and confirmed heavy drinkers ( 16 ) . You read "Neonatal Screening Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" Maternal and neonatal features: Capable features along with gestation and bringing information were obtained from charts of accepting adult females. Additionally, information on intoxicant usage was obtained by the nursing staff utilizing the Parkyn Screening Tool ; a everyday postpartum questionnaire. Follow-up and neurodevelopmental appraisal: Children with positive meconium consequences were followed-up through Ontario ‘s †Healthy Babies Healthy Children † ( HBHC ) plan that involves postpartum home-visits by public wellness nurses who provide personalized support and instruction to households with neonates ( 33 ) . In this survey, the nurse assigned to a positive instance was notified of meconium trial consequences, conducted an in-depth household appraisal ( including a screen for intoxicant usage upsets ) , and enrolled the household in an on-going home-visiting plan with an individualised household service program that included regular appraisals of developmental mileposts utilizing the Ages and Stages QuestionnairesA ® ( ASQ ) . Children with positive trial consequences besides received neurodevelopmental appraisal by a certified clinical psychologist during two place visits ; around 3 months and 1-1.5 old ages of age. The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition ( Bayley-III A ® ) was used, which measures infant cognitive, lingual, and motor operation. If developmental holds were detected, extra service suppliers were engaged through referrals to intercession plans and specialized services that were provided through HBHC plan and Grey-Bruce Health Unit at no cost to the household. Need for referral to diagnostic services at the Hospital for Sick Children was assessed. Extra support services for the household were available if needed, including dependence intervention, guidance, rearing support, instruction on FASD, nutrition, employment, and diversion. Comparison with anon. meconium testing: The showing plan was launched in a bad obstetric unit where a old survey, utilizing anon. meconium testing, observed a 12-fold higher hazard of FAEE-positive meconium in adult females referred to this site as compared to the general population of the part ( 30 % vs. 2.5 % ) . About 95 % of adult females participated in that survey. To find whether adult females who consumed intoxicant during gestation agreed to take part in the pilot unfastened testing plan, the rates of voluntary engagement and positiveness for antenatal intoxicant exposure observed in our unfastened plan, were compared to rates observed in that old anon. survey conducted in the same obstetrical unit a twelvemonth before ( 25 ) . Fisher ‘s Exact Test was used to compare the consequences of the two surveies. Two-tailed P-value lt ; 0.05 was considered statistically important. Ethical motives: The survey was approved by the research moralss boards of the Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Western Ontario. Consequence: Willingness of female parents to take part in unfastened testing plan: Sixty female parents from Grey-Bruce were identified at St. Joseph ‘s Hospital and offered meconium showing, of which 47 adult females consented, numbering a 78 % consent rate ( Figure 1 ) . The maternal and neonatal features of accepting topics are presented in Table 1. The consent rate was significantly lower than that observed in old survey in which meconium was tested anonymously ( 95 % vs. 78 % ) ( P lt ; 0.05 ) ( Table 2 ) . Of involvement, we documented one case where a adult female recalled take parting in the anon. prevalence survey with her old babe, but refused to take part in this unfastened testing plan when told there would be follow-up of positive instances. Additionally, we encountered a adult female who, although agreed to take part, was uncooperative, repeatedly pretermiting to advise the nurses that meconium had passed and flinging the samples so that none were collected. Positivity for antenatal intoxicant exposure in pilot testing plan: Samples were collected from 50 newborns of which 39 were successfully analyzed ( Figure 1 ) . Merely one of the 39 samples tested above the positive cut-off ( a†°?2 nmol/g ) for FAEE ( 52 nmol/g ) , which translated to a 3 % positiveness rate for antenatal intoxicant exposure. Eleven samples were non-analyzable because of presence of contaminations and/or postpartum stool that impeded chromatography. The ascertained 3 % positiveness rate for antenatal ethyl alcohol exposure was tenfold lower than the 30 % positiveness rate observed under anon. conditions in the old survey ( P lt ; 0.01 ) ( Table 2 ) . Maternal self-report of intoxicant usage in gestation: Chart reviews did non uncover that substance maltreatment ( intoxicant or drugs ) was the primary ground for referral to St. Joseph ‘s Health Care in any of the instances. Three adult females admitted to devouring any sum of intoxicant in gestation on their antenatal consumption signifiers, including the adult female whose babe ‘s meconium tested positive for FAEEs. However, none reported refering intoxicant usage, with one adult female saying that she drank a†°Ã‚ ¤2 drinks per hebdomad, another coverage that she consumed an â€Å" occasional drink † , and the 3rd saying she drank merely prior to her cognition of gestation without traveling into farther inside informations. Follow-up and neurodevelopmental appraisal of positive instance: One newborn tested positive for heavy antenatal ethyl alcohol exposure ( 52 nmol FAEE/g meconium ) . Follow-up was arranged as per protocol through the HBHC plan and a public wellness nurse assigned to the instance initiated an appropriate household service program affecting place visits and frequent appraisals of the baby ‘s development. Neurodevelopmental appraisal conducted by a certified clinical psychologist at 3 months of age utilizing BSID-IIIA ® did non uncover any holds ; nevertheless, holds in motor development became evident in 6-month and 8-month appraisals conducted by the public wellness nurse utilizing ASQ. At the 14-month appraisal conducted by a clinical psychologist utilizing BSID-III, the kid scored in low mean scope on motor and linguistic communication graduated tables, exposing holds peculiarly in gross motor and expressive linguistic communication operation, which were good below age outlooks ( in the 9th and 5th percentile, severally ) . The baby was e nrolled in an Infant and Child Development plan and will be referred to a Language and Speech development plan. Referrals to diagnostic clinics have non yet been made, and it is non known whether the ascertained holds are alcohol-related or possibly due to other factors. Interpretation: We observed that engagement and positiveness rates in our unfastened pilot testing plan were significantly lower than those observed when the trial was offered anonymously in the same bad unit, proposing that many adult females who consumed intoxicant in gestation refused to take part, non wishing to be identified by the showing plan. Of involvement, if we assume that all refusals were in fact positive samples, the positiveness rate in our population would number 27 % , which is similar to the positiveness rate observed by Goh and co-workers with anon. meconium testing ( 25 ) . To our cognition, this is the first survey to use biomarkers of foetal intoxicant exposure in an unfastened showing plan designed to ease diagnosing and intervention of alcohol-affected kids. Our consequences suggest that, despite the possible benefits that such screening plans may supply ( as was exemplified by the positive instance ) , adult females ‘s involuntariness to consent may decrease the value of unfastened population-based showing. Schemes to better engagement would necessitate to be investigated if meconium showing is implemented in clinical pattern. For illustration, the â€Å" opt-out † method to derive consent was shown to give higher proving rates in neonatal HIV showing ( 34 ) . Engagement rates may besides increase with societal selling, public instruction, and as the trial becomes established in society. If this occurs, the testing plan piloted here may function as a theoretical account for a plan that can be implemented in a clinical scene since it ut ilized presently bing services in the community. The developmental followup of kids identified by the screen was integrated into Ontario ‘s HBHC plan, and aid to kids exposing holds was provided through bing community wellness plans and services, such as address and linguistic communication, baby and kid development, and rearing support ; which may all be adapted to integrate intercessions and schemes shown to be effectual in helping kids with FASD and their households ( 35 ; 36 ) . Low engagement is non the lone possible obstruction to implementing testing in clinical pattern. The costs and resources required for proving, follow-up, diagnosing, and intercessions, every bit good as, system capacity to manage these instances, must be considered. Two cost-effectiveness surveies analyzing similar conjectural showing plans showed that decrease in secondary disablements and primary bar of FASD by intercession and instruction of female parents may take to social nest eggs ( 27 ; 28 ) . However, more surveies with concrete cost input variables are needed to find this. Furthermore, several ethical considerations could besides impede testing execution. Although showing can better quality of life through early diagnosing, observing maternal imbibing during gestation and labeling kids as â€Å" at-risk † may transport serious psychosocial deductions for these kids and their households, and affect relationships both within the household and between the household and society, including their service suppliers ( 37 ) . The trial consequences may potentially be misused by tribunals, societal services, insurance companies, and even within the health-care system through stigmatisation of patients ensuing in their under-treatment. To guarantee that households experience maximal benefits and minimal hazards, issues environing confidentiality, entree to consequences, and their usage, must be carefully considered. Our survey has restrictions. The pilot testing plan was implemented at a third parturition site, which was chosen due to the high prevalence of FAEE-positive meconium shown in a old anon. survey. Because Grey-Bruce communities are reasonably little in size, the consequences may hold been different if showing was implemented at a primary parturition site, where patients may be more trusting of their wellness attention suppliers, who probably provided them with antenatal attention. Alternatively, because the community is little, adult females may be even less likely to accept because of frights of stigmatisation and other societal deductions that may be more marked in a little community. Whatever the instance may be, the consequences may non be applicable to a primary health-care scene in a little community. To sum up, this is the first survey to implement an unfastened neonatal testing plan for antenatal intoxicant exposure aimed at easing sensing and direction of FASD. Follow-up, intercessions, and support plans were individualized and offered within the model of presently available services in the country, thereby patterning a plan that could be implemented in clinical pattern. We demonstrated that adult females ‘s involuntariness to partake in this showing, particularly of those who consumed intoxicant in gestation, may impede the execution of such testing plans in clinical pattern. Future surveies should research schemes that may better adult females ‘s willingness to consent, every bit good as, evaluate and reference other possible barriers to testing by finding the cost-effectiveness, logistics, and best patterns for plan execution. How to cite Neonatal Screening Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

To Kill A Mockingbird Class Stucture Of Maycomb County Essays

To Kill a Mockingbird: Class Stucture of Maycomb County The rigid class structure and social stratification of Maycomb County had a profound effect on the events in the novel To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee. The impact of this class structure was especially evident in the trial of Tom Robins on, a Maycomb Negro. The extreme prejudice of the town eventually led to the unjust conviction of Robinson for a crime he did not commit. The society of Maycomb County had a definite structure. This structure contained four classes. The first and upper class consisted of white collar Caucasians who were considered "rich" in the post-depression years. Characters who fit into this class were Atticus Finch, a well-off, highly respected lawyer and citizen in town, and Judge Taylor, the justice of Maycomb County and presiding judge at the Robinson trial. Other characters who belonged to this upper class were Miss Maudie At tkinson, an open- minded, kind woman, and Miss Stephanie Crawford, the renown gossip of the town. The second class in Maycomb County included the blue collar , white workers, primarily farmers who struggled to make ends meet. The Cunninghams, Dolphus Raymond, and the mysterious Radley family represented this group. The third class of Ma ycomb County were the " white trash". The Ewells, who lived at the dump, and relied on welfare for survival, were members of this group. It is important to note that the difference between the second and third class was not a financial one. Both w ere "poor". The difference, however, was in the way they interacted in society. The Cunninghams, unlike the Ewells, refused to accept charity and paid back their debts with what little they had. The Cunninghams were also different from the Ewells because they didn't take advantage of Negroes. The fourth and lowest class in Maycomb was best described as a "caste" because it was impossible to escape from it. All blacks were included in this group. Prejudice ran deep in Maycomb County. Although many classes existed within the blac k community, one of color must always be in the lowest class. The blacks lived apart from the whites in their own section of town and seemed to have a society separate from the whites. The strong prejudice of Maycomb County and the negative effects of its social strata were demonstrated by the trial of Tom Robinson. Tom was a hard-working, warm- hearted Negro who went out of his way to be kind and helpful to some poor whit e trash. He helped Miss Mayella because he felt sorry for her. His major shortcoming was the fact that he was black. Bob Ewell, a white drunk, who was an eyesore and problem to the town, accused Robinson of raping his daughter Mayella. Atticus Fi nch, Tom Robinson's lawyer, made it immensely clear to the jury that Tom was innocent. It was actually Mayella who made sexual advances towards Tom, and as a result was beaten by her father for kissing a black man. However, despite the obvious, und eniable facts of the case, the all white jury found in favor of the Ewells and sentenced Tom Robinson to death. Tom eventually died when he was shot in an attempt to escape from prison. In examining the case, the two lowest classes in Maycomb were involved. It was the Ewells who were white trash against Tom Robinson, a kind, black man. The jury's decision proved one sad, undeniable fact-when a black man's word went against a white man's word, the white man, regardless of his background, would always be victorious. Despite the jury's doubts pertaining to the Ewell's accusations against an innocent black man, they had to find in favor of Mayella because she was white. In spite of the jury's knowledge of Tom Robinson's character, they could not allow Mayella 's accusations to go unanswered. To do so would have made the two races equal. There was no justice or mercy for a Negro, even one as upstanding as Tom Rob inson. Atticus may have stated this point best when referring to the jury's decision, "They've done it before and they did it tonight and they'll do it again and when they do it, seems that only children weep." The strong prejudices and social strata of Maycomb County had a negative effect on the events in the novel To Kill a Mockingbird . This fact was evident in the trial of Tom Robinson, an innocent black man falsely